#🎯 1. Before the Viva — Preparation Strategy

#📌 Understand the Curriculum

Example only..............

• Epidemiology & Biostatistics basics

• National Health Programs (NHPs)

• Health planning, management & policies

• Demography and family welfare

• Environmental & occupational health

• Health systems and health economics

Tip: Know the NHPs current status, schedule/frequency of activities, and key indicators.

#🧠 2. Conceptual Clarity > Memorization

Instead of rote learning, aim to understand:

• What rate, ratio, proportion mean & when to use them

• Difference between prevalence vs incidence

• Interpret graphs, tables, epidemiological measures

Practice: Solve real problems — don’t just read definitions.

#📖 3. Expected Viva Themes

Here are common areas viva examiners ask about — with sample angles:

#🩺 Epidemiology

• Explain attack rate in an outbreak

• How to calculate relative risk and odds ratio

• Study designs — strengths/limitations

#📊 Biostatistics

• Interpretation of p-value and confidence interval

• When to use t-test vs Chi-square

• Meaning of sensitivity/specificity

#📋 National Health Programs

For each program, be ready with:

• Objective

• Target group

• Strategy/interventions

• Indicators to monitor

Example: National TB Control Program
➡ Objectives, DOTS components, case definitions, RNTCP indicators

#👩‍⚕️ Health Systems & Policy

• Structure of health system in Nepal/your country

• Levels of care (primary, secondary, tertiary)

• Functions of district health offices

#🧪 4. Viva Technique & Skills

#🎙️ Answering Style

✔ Start with definitions/essence
✔ Add examples or local context
✔ When asked to explain a diagram/model, verbalize each component

Example:

“Incidence measures new cases in a population over time… For example, influenza incidence in Kathmandu valley from Jan–Mar…”

#🧑‍🏫 If You Don’t Know, Use Diplomacy

Instead of guessing:

“I’m not certain about the exact figure, but based on the program guidelines, the trend is likely…”

This shows awareness and honesty.

#📚 Diagrams & Tables

Know:

• Epi curve

• Health system pyramid

• Determinants of health model

• Levels of prevention chart

Be ready to interpret — not just draw.

#🧠 5. Common Pitfalls to Avoid

❌ Memorizing facts without understanding logic
❌ Ignoring current updates in guidelines
❌ Vagueness in definitions
❌ Mixing up similar terms (e.g., incidence vs prevalence)

#📊 6. Mock Viva Practice

Practice with:

• Peers

• Teachers

• Ask for random questions

• Timer yourself

Record yourself to hear clarity and confidence.

#🧠 7. Key Mindset on the Exam Day

✔ Be calm & organized
✔ Listen carefully to each question
✔ Answer systematically
✔ Ask for clarification if the question is unclear

#📌 Quick Checklist Before Entering Viva

✅ Definitions of basic terms
✅ Formulas memorized & understood
✅ National program details
✅ Ability to interpret graphs/curves
✅ Examples ready from community/public health scenarios

#🔥 CracKING Community Medicine VIVA

#MBBS – High-Yield Question Bank

#SECTION A: Epidemiology (Very Common Viva Area)

1. Define Epidemiology.

2. What are the uses of epidemiology?

3. Define incidence. How is it different from prevalence?

4. What is attack rate? When is it used?

5. Define secondary attack rate.

6. What is an epidemic?

7. Difference between endemic, epidemic & pandemic.

8. What is an outbreak?

9. Define herd immunity.

10. What factors affect herd immunity?

11. Define case fatality rate.

12. What is relative risk?

13. What is odds ratio?

14. When is odds ratio used instead of relative risk?

15. What is incubation period?

16. What is generation time?

17. What is serial interval?

18. Define iceberg phenomenon.

19. Give examples of iceberg phenomenon.

20. What is surveillance? Types?

#SECTION B: Biostatistics (Short & Tricky)

21. Define rate, ratio and proportion.

22. What is mean, median and mode?

23. Which is affected most by extreme values?

24. What is standard deviation?

25. What is normal distribution curve?

26. What is p-value?

27. What is confidence interval?

28. Define sensitivity.

29. Define specificity.

30. What is positive predictive value?

31. Difference between sensitivity and specificity.

32. What is validity of a test?

33. What is reliability?

34. Which test is used for qualitative data?

35. When do you use Chi-square test?

#SECTION C: Screening & Prevention (Favourite of Examiners)

36. What is screening?

37. Difference between screening and diagnostic test.

38. Criteria for an ideal screening test.

39. What is lead time bias?

40. What is length time bias?

41. Levels of prevention with examples.

42. Define primary prevention.

43. Define secondary prevention.

44. Define tertiary prevention.

45. What is primordial prevention?

#SECTION D: Communicable Diseases

46. Define malaria.

47. Vector of malaria.

48. Life cycle of malaria parasite (brief).

49. National Malaria Control strategies.

50. Define tuberculosis.

51. What is DOTS?

52. Components of DOTS.

53. What is case definition of smear-positive TB?

54. Define HIV/AIDS.

55. Modes of transmission of HIV.

56. Prevention of HIV.

57. Define leprosy.

58. Cardinal signs of leprosy.

59. Define dengue.

60. Vector control measures for dengue.

#SECTION E: National Health Programs (Nepal-Focused)

61. What is a National Health Program?

62. Objectives of National TB Program.

63. Objectives of Immunization Program.

64. Universal Immunization Program schedule.

65. Vitamin A program – target group & dose.

66. Iron Folic Acid supplementation – target group.

67. National Family Planning methods.

68. ASHA/FCHV – role and importance.

69. Safe motherhood program components.

70. National Nutrition Program objectives.

#SECTION F: Environmental Health

71. Define safe water.

72. Sources of water supply.

73. What is hardness of water?

74. Chlorination – ideal chlorine level.

75. Define air pollution.

76. Types of air pollutants.

77. Effects of air pollution on health.

78. Define noise pollution.

79. Effects of noise pollution.

80. Biomedical waste categories.

#SECTION G: Demography & Family Welfare

81. Define demography.

82. What is crude birth rate?

83. What is crude death rate?

84. What is total fertility rate?

85. Replacement level fertility.

86. Population pyramid – types.

87. Demographic transition stages.

88. Couple protection rate.

89. Advantages of small family norm.

90. Emergency contraception.

#SECTION H: Health System & Management

91. Levels of health care.

92. Primary health care – principles.

93. Alma-Ata declaration.

94. Functions of Sub-Health Post / Health Post / PHC.

95. Referral system.

96. Health indicators.

97. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR).

98. Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR).

99. Under-5 mortality rate.

100. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to health.