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#KATHMANDU UNIVERSITY
University Examination
January/February 2026
Level: MBBS
Paper: X – Community Medicine
Time: 2 hours 30 minutes
Marks: 50
Date: February 27, 2026
#INSTRUCTION TO THE CANDIDATE
Answer each section in a separate answer book.
Write brief, clear and legible answers.
Illustrate your answer with well labeled diagrams wherever required.
All questions are compulsory.
#SECTION “B”
#Short Answer Questions
1. What are the different levels of prevention in the natural history of disease?
Discuss the modes of intervention with suitable examples. (2+3=5)
2. Enumerate the health hazards due to improper solid waste disposal and describe the methods for solid waste disposal in an urban area. (2+3=5)
3. List barriers of communication. Write in brief about Behavior Communication Change Process? (2+3=5)
4. Define screening. Write the difference between screening and diagnostic test. (2+3=5)
5. Discuss the epidemiology of Tuberculosis and briefly explain the role of DOTS in its prevention and control. (3+2=5)
6. Define Protein Energy Malnutrition. Write the difference between Kwashiorkor and Marasmus. (2+3=5)
#SECTION “C”
#Problem Based Questions
#Problem – I
A 6-year-old boy named Ravi is brought to the clinic by his mother, who is concerned about his vision. She reports that he has been struggling to see in low light or during the evening hours, often bumping into objects around the house. His mother mentions that this has been going on for several months, but she hadn’t noticed it as a serious issue until recently. Ravi’s diet mainly consists of rice and potatoes, as his family cannot afford a wide variety of vegetables or animal products. Upon examination, the doctor observes signs of dryness around Ravi’s eyes and notices that his skin looks slightly dry and rough.
a. What is your provisional diagnosis? Give reason to support your answer. (1+2)
b. What foods could be recommended to the family to address this health issue? (3)
c. What are the different methods of nutritional assessment? (2)
d. Explain different modes of intervention in this case. (3)
#Problem – II
An 11 months old female child was brought to a PHC of Mahottari district with a history of cough and fever last 4 days with inability to drink for last 12 hours and one episode of convulsion. On examination, the weight of the child was 8 kgs and RR was 60 breaths per minute. The child was also cyanosed and drowsy.
a. What is the most likely diagnosis? (1)
b. Name the national health program under which such conditions are managed in the community. (1)
c. How will you assess this child and classify according to the national health program guidelines? (3)
d. Write down the treatment for this case? (2)
e. What measures should be taken to prevent and control such condition in the community? (3)