#Kathmandu University
#Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital
Budhiganga-02, Tankisinuwari, Morang
Level: III MBBS (Batch: 2022)
Semester: 7th
Examination: Pre-University
Subject: Ophthalmology
Marks: 50
Time: 2 hrs. 30 mins.
Date: March 12, 2026
#INSTRUCTION TO THE CANDIDATE
Answer each section in a separate answer book.
Write brief, relevant and legible answers.
Illustrate your answer with well labelled diagrams where required.
All questions are compulsory.
#SECTION ‘B’
#Short Answer Questions (6Q × 5 = 30 marks)
1. What are the stages of corneal ulcer? List 4 complications of bacterial corneal ulcer. Describe in brief about its management.
2. Describe the stages of xerophthalmia? Write down the strategies to prevent and manage a case of xerophthalmia.
3. What is diabetic retinopathy? What are the clinical features of proliferative diabetic retinopathy? Discuss precisely about its treatment modalities.
4. What is sympathetic ophthalmia? Write down the clinical features of endophthalmitis. How will you manage a suspected case of bacterial endophthalmitis?
5. Define latent squint. Write down the grades of binocular vision. How will you manage a case of convergent squint?
6. Define retinal detachment. Mention its types. Briefly discuss the causes and management of exudative retinal detachment.
#SECTION ‘C’
#Problem Based Questions / Modified Essay Questions (2Q × 10 = 20 marks)
#Problem-I
A 67-year-old patient presented with diminution of vision in his right eye for 3 days along with ocular pain, vomiting and headache which was on and off especially during evenings.
On examination, visual acuity in his right eye was hand movement and 6/9 in the left eye. The right eye was injected with significant corneal edema, mid-dilated non-reactive pupil and a shallow anterior chamber. The IOP in the right eye was 56 mm of Hg.
a. What is your provisional diagnosis?
b. Write down the points in favour of the diagnosis.
c. Which investigation would you like to do in this case?
d. How will you manage this condition?
e. What prophylactic measures will you take to treat the condition?
#Problem-II
A 35-year-old man presents in the eye OPD with inward deviation of left eye for 1 week. There is history of fall injury from motorcycle 2 weeks ago. He has abduction deficit in left eye and also complains of diplopia in left gaze. His vision in left eye is normal.
a. What is your diagnosis?
b. What is the most likely cause for diplopia in this case?
c. Which clinical tests would you like to perform in this case?
d. How will you treat this condition?