#Practice Set IV: MBBS II – Community Medicine

(Tick the single best answer)
30 Questions × 1 Mark = 30 Marks

1. The discipline of epidemiology primarily studies:
A. Individual patient care
B. Distribution and determinants of disease in populations
C. Laboratory diagnosis of disease
D. Hospital management
Key: B

2. The Alma-Ata Declaration (1978) is associated with:
A. Selective health care
B. Primary health care approach
C. Tertiary care services
D. Hospital insurance
Key: B

3. The concept of herd immunity is best described as:
A. Immunity acquired after infection
B. Resistance of a group to infection
C. Passive immunity
D. Artificial immunity
Key: B

4. Secondary prevention aims to:
A. Reduce risk factors
B. Halt disease progression through early diagnosis
C. Restore function
D. Prevent exposure
Key: B

5. Random error in a study can be reduced by increasing:
A. Bias
B. Sample size
C. Confounding
D. Exposure time
Key: B

6. The most appropriate measure of dispersion is:
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Standard deviation
D. Mode
Key: C

7. Prevalence of disease depends on:
A. Incidence and duration of disease
B. Incubation period
C. Case fatality rate
D. Population density
Key: A

8. The gold standard for establishing causality is:
A. Case-control study
B. Cross-sectional study
C. Randomized controlled trial
D. Ecological study
Key: C

9. The most sensitive indicator of nutritional status in children is:
A. Height for age
B. Weight for height
C. Weight for age
D. Mid-arm circumference
Key: B

10. Recommended exclusive breastfeeding duration is:
A. 3 months
B. 4 months
C. 6 months
D. 9 months
Key: C

11. Safe residual chlorine level in drinking water at consumer end is:
A. 0.1 mg/L
B. 0.2 mg/L
C. 0.5 mg/L
D. 1.0 mg/L
Key: B

12. Biological transmission of disease occurs in:
A. Mechanical vector
B. Cyclodevelopmental transmission
C. Direct contact
D. Droplet infection
Key: B

13. The most common source of indoor air pollution in rural Nepal is:
A. Tobacco smoke
B. Biomass fuel
C. Industrial emission
D. Vehicular smoke
Key: B

14. Case fatality rate measures:
A. Severity of disease
B. Frequency of disease
C. Risk of exposure
D. Duration of disease
Key: A

15. The denominator for infant mortality rate is:
A. Total population
B. Total births
C. Live births
D. Infant population
Key: C

16. The most appropriate indicator of maternal health services is:
A. Crude death rate
B. Maternal mortality ratio
C. Birth rate
D. Case fatality rate
Key: B

17. The expanded program on immunization was launched by:
A. World Health Organization
B. UNICEF
C. World Bank
D. UNDP
Key: A

18. The epidemiological triad consists of:
A. Host, agent, environment
B. Time, place, person
C. Disease, disability, death
D. Prevention, promotion, protection
Key: A

19. A disease constantly present in a region is called:
A. Epidemic
B. Pandemic
C. Endemic
D. Sporadic
Key: C

20. The most suitable study for outbreak investigation is:
A. Case-control study
B. Cohort study
C. Cross-sectional study
D. Ecological study
Key: B

21. Positive predictive value depends on:
A. Sensitivity only
B. Specificity only
C. Prevalence of disease
D. Sample size
Key: C

22. The minimum acceptable BMI for normal adult is:
A. 16
B. 18.5
C. 20
D. 22
Key: B

23. The process of adjusting rates to allow comparison is:
A. Stratification
B. Standardization
C. Matching
D. Sampling
Key: B

24. The main objective of health education is:
A. Provide treatment
B. Change health behavior
C. Increase hospital beds
D. Improve laboratory services
Key: B

25. The most effective method of health communication is:
A. Lecture
B. Mass media
C. Demonstration
D. Group discussion
Key: C

26. Demographic transition with low birth and death rates is:
A. Early expanding
B. Late expanding
C. Low stationary
D. High stationary
Key: C

27. The incubation period is defined as:
A. Exposure to symptoms interval
B. Infection to recovery interval
C. Detection to diagnosis interval
D. Onset to death interval
Key: A

28. The best indicator of health status of a community is:
A. Crude birth rate
B. Infant mortality rate
C. Literacy rate
D. Dependency ratio
Key: B

29. Universal immunization primarily represents:
A. Tertiary prevention
B. Secondary prevention
C. Specific protection
D. Rehabilitation
Key: C

30. The level of prevention aimed at reducing complications is:
A. Primordial prevention
B. Primary prevention
C. Secondary prevention
D. Tertiary prevention
Key: D